Home 
  OpticsPOD
  What's New 
  Rays & Shadows
  Water Droplets
  Rainbows
    Not a rainbow!
    Primary Bow
    Secondary Bow
    A's Dark Band
    Other Orders
    
Supernumeraries
      Formation
      Drop size
      Colours
      Secondary Bow
    Red Bows
    Rainbow Wheel
    Dew Bow
    Sea Spray Bow
    Glass Bead Bows
    Reflection Bows
    Twinned Bows
    Cloud Bows
    Moon Bows
    Image Gallery
    Simulators
  Ice Halos
  High Atmosphere
  Links & Resources
  Search - Index



                 

123456789012345678
   Supernumerary Rainbows  

Multiple supernumerary bows.  The supernumeraries are the closely spaced greenish purple arcs on the inner (blue) side of the primary bow. Captured by Mark Nankman at Hedeviken in Sweden after a heavy shower, August '99. ©Mark Nankman, shown with permission.
  
  Supernumeraries are created by small, almost same sized raindrops. The diagonal inset on this contrast enhanced view is an AirySim simulation calculated for drops of 0.7mm mean dia. with only an 8% (std. dev.) spread in diameters.  
Look slightly inside a bright primary bow and sometimes you will see one or more predominantly green, pink and purple fringes. Their numbers and spacing can change from minute to minute. They are seen most often near the top of the bow - example here.

These "supernumerary bows" are an intimation of the limitations of geometric optics for it is totally unable to explain them. To do so we must take account of the wave nature of light.