Perfect Corona & Babinet

A bright red fringed circular aureole surrounded by three, possibly four, rings. Imaged in February 2012 by Anders Falk Jensen while hiking in Torres del Paine National Park, Patagonia, Chile.

Image ©Anders Falk Jensen, shown with permission.

Coronae, Telescopes & Stars:

A corona is formed by tiny droplets in cloud or mist individually diffracting sunlight.

The light is scattered mainly at a droplet's surface and to a good approximation this can be thought of as an opaque disk rather than a sphere.

There is an optics principle, Babinet's Principle, that the diffraction pattern from an obstruction or mask is the same as that from its complement - in this case an opaque sheet with a circular aperture.

The latter configuration happens to be equivalent to a telescope aperture. A star seen under high magnification and steady atmospheric seeing is a small disk surrounded by 2-3 diffraction rings. A miniature corona where the scattering object is the telescope aperture.

Babinet's Principle is exact for diffraction patterns far from the scattering object, the far field or Fraunhofer diffraction, as here.

Atmospheric
Optics
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